Manipulation
In ‘1984’ Eric Arthur Blair (aka George Orwell) wrote : ‘Power is in tearing human minds to pieces and putting them together again in new shapes of your own choosing.’
Orwell’s wisdom and prescience continue to impress today in a world with ‘Fake News’ and where Cambridge Analytica allegedly used illegal Facebook data to influence the Brexit, Trump and Nigerian votes.
Even in the absence of manipulation, the effects of the different individual life experiences and Chinese whispers makes effective communication a challenge. It has ever been thus.
In my experience the most frequent mistake we make is labouring under the mistaken belief that clear communication has taken place leading to shared clarity and understanding.